VIET NAM HEROES AND HEROINES © Chi D. Nguyen

VIET NAM HEROES & HEROINES

t xin r

a s

ch n

c th

,
Hai xin

em l

i nghi

m x

a h

ng
Ba k

o oan

c l

ng ch

ng,
B

n xin v

n v

n s

công lênh n

y !

Foremost, I will avenge my country,
Second, I will restore the Hung lineage,
Third, I will avenge the death of my husband,
Lastly, I vow that these goals will be accomplished.

Tr

ng Tr

c
Source: Thien Nam Ngu Luc, 17th century

Tôi mu

n c

i c

n gi

nh,

p lu

ng s

ng d

, ch

m c

n kh

i quân Ngô, gi

nh l

i giang s

n, c

ch nô l

, ch

tôi không ch

u khom l

ng l

m t

thi

p ng

i.

I want to track storms, ride hazardous waves, hunt sharks in the open sea, expel the invaders (Chinese), restore the country, untie servitude, and never descend to be someone's concubine.

Tri

u Th

Trinh
Source: Viet Su Thong Giam Cuong Muc

Cc cuc Khi ngha tiêu biu chng Trung Quc xâm lc th k 1-10
Nm	H Tên; Quê qun; Công trng ch yu
40-43	Hai B Trng Ht Môn Mê Linh (Vnh Ph), chng Ðông Hn, lnh o nhân dân Giao Ch Cu Chân, Nht Nam, Hp Ph, lt ch ô h thu 65 thnh, ginh c lp, lm vua 3 nm
137-138	Khu Liên Tng Lâm (Qung Nam), chng Ðông Hn. Nhân dân qun Giao Ch, Cu Chân, hng ng ni dy t thnh git Trng Li
157-160	Chu Ðt C Phong (Thanh Ha), chng Ðông Hn. Nhân dân qun Nht Nam hng ng ph qun tr T Ph, git Thi Th Ngh Thc
178-181	Lng Long Giao Ch, chng Ðông Hn. Nhân dân Giao Ch, Hp Ph, Ô H, Cu Chân, Nht Nam, ni dy nh chim cc qun huyn
248	B Triu ni Linh Sn (Thanh Ha), chng Ngô, lnh o nhân dân qun Cu Chân, Giao Ch, cng anh l Triu Quc Ðt nh chim cc thnh, p, huyn
299-319	Triu Ch Cu Chân chng Ðông Tn, ni dy vây quân thnh nh ui Thi Th
319-323	Lng Thc Tân Xng (Vnh Ph) chng Ðông Tn nh chim Châu Tr Long Biên
468-485	L trng Nhân v L Thc Hin Giao Châu chng Tng. Ni dy git ht thuc h, tng s ca Th S, ginh c lp gn 30 nm
542-548	L Bôn chng Lng, lnh o nhân dân Châu Giao ni dy chim thnh Long Biên, ginh c lp 6 nm xây dng nh nc Vn Xuân hiu l L Nam Ð
548-602	Triu Quang Phc m D Trch (Hi Hng) chng Lng, nh ui quân xâm luc thu thnh Long Biên, bo v c lp 52 nm (550-602)
687	L T Tin v Ðinh Kin Giao Châu chng Ðng, nh ph ph thnh Tng Bnh, git quan li ô h l Lu Din Hu.
722	Mai Thc Loan ni Hng Sn (Ngh Tnh) chng Ðng, liên kt vi 32 Châu K My (thiu s). Nhân dân Lâm p (Chiêm Thnh), Chân Lp (Campuchia), Kim Lân (M Lai), nh chim tr s Tng Bnh
766-798	Phng Hng cng em l Phng Hi Ðng Lâm (H Sn Bnh) chng Ðng, chim Ðng Lâm, Phong Châu, chim ph thnh Tng Bnh
803	Vng Qu Nguyên lnh o quân s Ba Thnh (H Ni) chng Ðng nh ui quan li
819-820	Dng Thanh Giao Châu (Ngh Tnh) chng Ðng, nh chim ph thnh, git cht quan li l Tng C
906-930	H Khc: Khc Tha D, Khc Ho, Khc Tha M, Hng Châu (Hi Hng) chng Ðng, nh chim thnh Tng Bnh, lt ch ô h ginh c lp 24 nm
931-937	Dng Ðnh Ngh i Châu (Thanh Ha) chng Nam Hn, chim thnh Ði La, git cht tng gic l Trnh Bo, bo v c lp
938	Ngô Quyn i ph quân Nam Hn trên sông Bch Ðng, git cht tng gic l Hong Tho, m u thi ky` c lp lâu di

Nam Quc sn h Nam Ð c
tit nhiên nh phn ti thiên th
nh h nghch l lai xâm phm
nh ng hnh khan th bi h

In 1076, at the Nhu Nguyet river, during the battle with the Sung, Ly Thuong Kiet composed a poem and had it recited during the night to his soldiers and making them believe that the river god was speaking. Their morale was higher than ever, Ly army repelled the attackers.

Over the southern mountains and rivers,
the Emperor of the South shall reign,
This was written down in the Book of Heaven.
How dare those barbarians invade our soil?
They will surely meet with defeat.

L Thng Kit

In late 1287 at the Hoa river, Kien An province, THD publicly swore oath before launching a big offensive against the Mongols. Omar (O Ma Nhi), the Mongol general was taken prisoner. Toghan (Thoat Hoan), son of Kublai was hurriedly withdrew.

If the Mongols are not defeated, we will not retreat.

Trn Hng Ðo

Danh Nhân Danh Tng thi Trn
Nm	H Tên	Tc phong	Quê qun	Công trng Ch yu
1193-1264	Trn Th Ð	Thng Quc Thi S	Tc Mc Nam H	T chc vng triu
1231-1300	Trn Quc Tun	Hng Ðo Ði Vng Quc Công	Tc Mc Nam H	Lnh o nhân dân chng quân Nguyên-Mông (1284-1288)
?-1291	Trn Quang Khi	Chiêu Minh Ði Vng Thng Tng	Thng Long	Chng Dng, Hm T (1285)
1253-1330	Trn Nht Dut	Chiêu Vn Vng T Thanh Thi S	Thng Long	Chn gic Nguyên Tuyên Quang, Ngh An, Hm T (1285)
?-1339	Trn Khan Du	Nhân Hu Vng Phiên Ky Tng Quân	Chi Linh Hi Hng	Ph tan on thuyn lng gic Vn Ðôn (1288)
1255-1330	Phm Ng Lo	Diên Suy Thng Tng Quân	An Thi Hi Hng	Ðnh bi ch Vn Kip & Bch Ðng
?	Nguyn Khoi	Lit Hu Tng Quân	Hi Hng	Tây Kt (1285) & Bch Ðng (1288)
?-1285	Trn Bnh Trng	Bo Ngha Vng Tng Tiên Phong	?	Anh dng hy sinh chn gic sông Thiên Mc
?-1285	Trn Quc Ton	Hoi Vn Hu	Nam H	Trn Chng Dng, hy sinh trong trn Nh Nguyt
?-1285	H Ðc	Phu Ðao T	Qung Ha Vnh Ph	Lnh o nhân dân thiu s hy sinh Qung Ha
?-1330	Ð Khc Chung	Ðai Hanh Khiên	?	Chng quân Nguyên ln 2 (1285)
?	Yt Kiêu	Gia tng ca Trn Hng Ðo	Gia Lc Hi Hng	Nhiu chin công chng quân Nguyên xâm lc
?	D Tng	Gia tng ca Trn Hng Ðo	Gia Lc Hi Hng	Nhiu chin công chng quân Nguyên xâm lc
?	Phm S Mnh	Nh th - Nhap Noi Hanh Khiên	Kinh Môn Hi Hng	Tc phm vn th. Ði s sang nh Nguyên (1345)
?-1354	Trng Hn Siêu	Nh th - Tham Tri Chinh S	Gia Khanh Ninh Bnh	Tc phm vn th
?	Nguyn Thuyên	Nh th	Ha Ho Vnh Ph	Tc phm vn th ch Nôm

Binh Ngo Dai Cao
(Great Proclamation on the Victory over China, 14th Century)

Our nation Dai Viet was established long ago as an independent nation with its own civilisation. Our borders with China have been drawn. Our customs and traditions are different from those of the foreign country to the North. The Dinh, Le, Ly, Tran dynasties have established our nation's independence concurrently with those of the Han, Tang, Sung, and Yuan in China. Our nation has sometimes been weak and sometimes powerful, but at no time have we suffered from a lack of heroes.

Nguyn Tri

Loi du tuong si (Military persuasion)

Ðnh cho di tc
Ðnh cho rng en
Ðnh cho n chch luân bt phn
Ðnh cho n phin gip bt hon
Ðnh cho s tri nam quc anh hng chi hu ch

Fight, so our hair can grow
Fight, so our teeth can be black*
Fight, so the enemy's moral contradict within
Fight, so the enemy has no way out
Fight, because it's our birth-right.

Quang Trung

* Despite thousand years of Chinese occupation and their attempts to force the Vietnamese to adopt Chinese customs, the Vietnamese refused to stop blackening their teeth, a symbol of cultural and ethnic distinction. The process involved a mixing of sap of the Lac tree with lemon. A folk song sums up the old feminine beauty standards : " I love your rooster tail hairdo, charming speech, dimpled cheeks, and glossy blackened teeth exceed jet in their beauty ".